Scaffolds are essential structures required for all aspects of a project to progress as safely and efficiently as possible. A detailed understanding of the different types of scaffolding used in construction is fundamental for construction works to run seamlessly. There are four top scaffolding types that are the basis for nearly all construction projects, despite their level of complexity.
1. Birdcage Scaffolding
Birdcage scaffolds are commonly used in a range of construction projects granted their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and protection. Designed for the inner works of construction, this simple cage is completely independent and does not require the support of a building but is rather supported by four verticals. Each cage consists of more than two rows of standards in both directions connected by ledgers and transoms.
Fast assembly and disassembly time, durability, and portability makes this scaffold the perfect solution for work carried out on a single level such as ceilings or rooftops. The safety of all workers is undoubtedly a priority of any construction project. This fully enclosed scaffold ensures that workers have a large space to complete tasks efficiently and comfortably while carrying their equipment with them, without having to worry about falling from a dangerous height.
2. Trestle Scaffolding
Trestle scaffolds are designed for light work but are very adaptable. Supported by two ladders, where the top ends are connected by planks or platforms, trestle scaffolding enables workers to complete their work safely at an elevated height. Multiple variations include ‘A-frame’ and ‘H-frame’; these are often used by bricklayers, plasterers, and painters for fit-out and finishing work.
One of the greatest benefits of using trestle scaffolds is that they require no previous skill to erect and disassemble. Despite this, it is strongly recommended that an experienced person performs this duty as there would otherwise be various risks associated with the safety and stability of the overall structure. Trestle scaffolds are assembled from prefabricated trestles, braces, and accessories. Braces should be attached to the trestles in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Have barriers or edge protection installed where the potential fall would result in injury to people using the scaffold
- Support the relevant live load or duty rating. The full width of a trestle should be fully planked, irrespective of the duty rating
- Have scaffold planks that are uniform and in a serviceable condition with no splits, cracks, knots, or bends, overhang their end supports between 150–250 mm, and are secured against uplift
- On sloping or uneven ground use a trestle that incorporates height adjustment. Bricks or blocks should not be used as soleplates
- Have a safe means of entry and exit by using secured ladders from the building if in approximate level with the platform
- Have a safe means to load material onto the working platform by using mechanical means or, if this is not practicable, pass – do not throw – material up to the working platform
3. Suspended Scaffolding
Suspended scaffolds hang from other structures, such as bridges or skyscrapers, and allow workers to access elevated heights that would otherwise be impossible to reach as safely and efficiently as possible. Due to certain structures being above uneven or non-bearing surfaces such as water, other scaffolding systems would be extremely impractical and unsafe to use, as they would have to be built from the ground up, using more time, energy, and extra costs.
Suspended scaffolds feature guardrails, harnesses, and non-slip surfaces to minimise the risk of accidents and falls. However, once erected, they are not capable of being moved horizontally when in use. Inclement weather and excessive loads can damage the stability of suspending scaffolding, so caution must be emphasised to ensure the safety of all workers.
4. Single Pole Scaffolding
Single pole scaffolds are widely employed in the construction industry due to their versatility. They consist of a single row of standards connected by ledgers, with putlogs fixed onto the ledgers and built into the wall of the building. These scaffolds are not independent as they rely on the structure which they are placed against for support.
With few materials and little maintenance required, this cost-effective structure is the ideal solution for any construction project. The scaffold’s adaptability in height and shape enhances the efficiency of all construction needs while being portable and easy to erect and disassemble.
A variety of scaffolds exist to serve the purpose of different construction needs. These core scaffolding types cover the basis of many construction projects. Versatile and easy use, each scaffold has its own distinct function but can be adapted to suit a range of construction needs, making them fundamental to the basis of all construction projects.
